meta-reasoning - определение. Что такое meta-reasoning
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Что (кто) такое meta-reasoning - определение

THE CAPACITY OF CONSCIOUSLY MAKING SENSE OF THINGS, APPLYING LOGIC, AND ADAPTING OR JUSTIFYING PRACTICES, INSTITUTIONS, AND BELIEFS BASED ON NEW OR EXISTING INFORMATION
Reasoning; Reasoned; Reason (philosophy); Formal reasoning; Reason (logic); Ratiocination; Insight learning; Rational argument; Historical reasons; Historical reason; Rational capacity; History of reasoning; Unreasonable; Discursive reason; Natural reason; Logical reason; Human reason; Method of reasoning; Philosophical reason; Meta-reasoning; Philosophic reason; Discursive reasoning; Foundations of reasoning; Evolution of reason
  •  Dan Sperber believes that reasoning in groups is more effective and promotes their evolutionary fitness.
  • René Descartes
  • [[Francisco de Goya]], ''[[The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters]]'' (''El sueño de la razón produce monstruos''), c. 1797

META element         
HTML ELEMENT
Meta-tag; Meta tags; Meta Tag; Metatag; Metatags; Meta tag; Robots meta tag; NOODP; HTML META; META tag; HTML metadata; XHTML metadata; Meta elements; Meta keywords; Meta-description; META element; Meta http-equiv; META elements
<World-Wide Web> An element, with tag name of "META", expressing meta-data about a given HTML document. HTML standards do not require that documents have META elements; but if META elements occur, they must be inside the document's HEAD element. The META element can be used to identify properties of a document (e.g., author, expiration date, a list of key words, etc.) and assign values to those properties, typically by specifying a NAME attribute (to name the property) and a CONTENT attribute (to assign a value for that property). The HTML 4 specification doesn't standardise particular NAME properties or CONTENT values; but it is conventional to use a "Description" property to convey a short summary of the document, and a "Keywords" property to provide a list of keywords relevant to the document, as in: <META NAME="Description" CONTENT="Information from around the world on kumquat farming techniques and current kumquat production and consumption data"> <META NAME="Keywords" CONTENT="kumquat, Fortunella"> META elements with HTTP-EQUIV and CONTENT attributes can simulate the effect of HTTP header lines, as in: <META HTTP-EQUIV="Expires" CONTENT="Tue, 22 Mar 2000 16:18:35 GMT"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="10; URL=http://foldoc.org/"> Other properties may be application-specific. For example, the {Robots Exclusion (http://info.webcrawler.com/mak/projects/robots/norobots.html)}. standard uses the "robots" property for asserting that the given document should not be indexed by robots, nor should links in it be followed: <META NAME="robots" CONTENT="noindex,follow"> (2001-02-07)
META tag         
HTML ELEMENT
Meta-tag; Meta tags; Meta Tag; Metatag; Metatags; Meta tag; Robots meta tag; NOODP; HTML META; META tag; HTML metadata; XHTML metadata; Meta elements; Meta keywords; Meta-description; META element; Meta http-equiv; META elements
Meta element         
HTML ELEMENT
Meta-tag; Meta tags; Meta Tag; Metatag; Metatags; Meta tag; Robots meta tag; NOODP; HTML META; META tag; HTML metadata; XHTML metadata; Meta elements; Meta keywords; Meta-description; META element; Meta http-equiv; META elements
Meta elements are tags used in HTML and XHTML documents to provide structured metadata about a Web page.

Википедия

Reason

Reason is the capacity of consciously applying logic by drawing conclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking the truth. It is closely associated with such characteristically human activities as philosophy, science, language, mathematics, and art, and is normally considered to be a distinguishing ability possessed by humans. Reason is sometimes referred to as rationality.

Reasoning is associated with the acts of thinking and cognition, and involves the use of one's intellect. The field of logic studies the ways in which humans can use formal reasoning to produce logically valid arguments. Reasoning may be subdivided into forms of logical reasoning, such as deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, and abductive reasoning. Aristotle drew a distinction between logical discursive reasoning (reason proper), and intuitive reasoning, in which the reasoning process through intuition—however valid—may tend toward the personal and the subjectively opaque. In some social and political settings logical and intuitive modes of reasoning may clash, while in other contexts intuition and formal reason are seen as complementary rather than adversarial. For example, in mathematics, intuition is often necessary for the creative processes involved with arriving at a formal proof, arguably the most difficult of formal reasoning tasks.

Reasoning, like habit or intuition, is one of the ways by which thinking moves from one idea to a related idea. For example, reasoning is the means by which rational individuals understand sensory information from their environments, or conceptualize abstract dichotomies such as cause and effect, truth and falsehood, or ideas regarding notions of good or evil. Reasoning, as a part of executive decision making, is also closely identified with the ability to self-consciously change, in terms of goals, beliefs, attitudes, traditions, and institutions, and therefore with the capacity for freedom and self-determination.

In contrast to the use of "reason" as an abstract noun, a reason is a consideration given which either explains or justifies events, phenomena, or behavior. Reasons justify decisions, reasons support explanations of natural phenomena; reasons can be given to explain the actions (conduct) of individuals.

Using reason, or reasoning, can also be described more plainly as providing good, or the best, reasons. For example, when evaluating a moral decision, "morality is, at the very least, the effort to guide one's conduct by reason—that is, doing what there are the best reasons for doing—while giving equal [and impartial] weight to the interests of all those affected by what one does."

Psychologists and cognitive scientists have attempted to study and explain how people reason, e.g. which cognitive and neural processes are engaged, and how cultural factors affect the inferences that people draw. The field of automated reasoning studies how reasoning may or may not be modeled computationally. Animal psychology considers the question of whether animals other than humans can reason.